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A ONG Educafro Brasil, fundada por frei David Santos, vai recorrer da decis�o?? do Tribunal de Justi�a do Distrito Federal, que anulou a condena��o do ex-automobilista brasileiro Nelson Piquet por manifesta��es racistas e?? homof�bicas contra o piloto Lewis Hamilton. O caso deve chegar ao Supremo Tribunal Federal, que julga temas relacionados � igualdade?? racial e de g�nero, ao respeito, � honra e � imagem.
Presen�a do craque, brindes e festa tem�tica: Como foi o?? primeiro dia do Cruzeiro do NeymarBalan�o: Rio de Janeiro fecha 2023 com mais torcedores nos est�dios e menos presos
Em nota,?? frei David criticou a decis�o do tribunal:
�A EDUCAFRO Brasil entende que o Tribunal de Justi�a do Distrito Federal falhou gravemente.?? Embora respeitemos a Corte, entendemos que a gravidade do caso mostra a necessidade de avan�ar no letramento racial dos nossos?? magistrados. Quem nada sabe sobre a dor sofrida pela maioria afro-brasileira da nossa popula��o n�o est� apto a compreender demandas?? como essa�.
Piquet foi condenado, em mobiele blackjack mar�o deste ano, a pagar R$ 5 milh�es em mobiele blackjack indeniza��o por danos morais?? coletivos ap�s chamar Hamilton de �neguinho�, em mobiele blackjack entrevista a canal do YouTube. A apela��o de Piquet foi analisada pela?? 4� Turma C�vel do Tribunal de Justi�a do Distrito Federal.
Para o advogado da Educafro, M�rlon Reis, a proposta de recorrer?? se deve ao que considera uma �banaliza��o� das palavras ditas por Piquet.
� O direito precisa estar a servi�o da igualdade,?? n�o da banaliza��o das palavras embebidas no mais puro racismo e LGBTFobia. Os tribunais precisam sentir a dor que a?? maioria da popula��o sofre em mobiele blackjack momentos como esse � explica.
A a��o que motivou a condena��o foi movida por organiza��es?? de direitos humanos e LGBTI. As entidades sustentam que Piquet foi racista com Hamilton durante a entrevista, ao comentar um?? acidente no qual ele se envolveu, com Max Verstappen, genro de Piquet, em mobiele blackjack 2023, e compar�-lo com um epis�dio?? que aconteceu com Ayrton Senna, em mobiele blackjack 1990.
�O neguinho meteu o carro e n�o deixou (desviar). O Senna n�o fez?? isso. O Senna saiu reto. O neguinho deixou o carro porque n�o tinha como passar dois carros naquela curva. Ele?? fez de sacanagem. A sorte dele foi que s� o outro (Verstappen) se f... Fez uma p... sacanagem�, afirmou na?? ocasi�o.
Nelson Piquet chama Lewis Hamilton de �neguinho� ao comentar tentativa de ultrapassagem
O juiz Pedro Matos de Arruda, da 20� Vara?? C�vel de Bras�lia, em mobiele blackjackmobiele blackjackdecis�o, disse que �no sentido de que n�o se deve apreciar apenas a fun��o?? reparat�ria da responsabilidade civil, mas tamb�m (e talvez principalmente) a fun��o punitiva, exatamente para que, como sociedade, possamos nos ver?? algum dia livres dos atos perniciosos que s�o o racismo e a homofobia�.
Hamilton se pronunciou
O piloto ingl�s, al�m de sua?? equipe e outros representantes da categoria, se posicionou sobre o caso. Por meio demobiele blackjackconta no Twitter, em mobiele blackjack?? portugu�s, ele disse, na �poca, que a prioridade no momento � �focar em mobiele blackjack mudar a realidade�.
�� mais do que?? linguagem. Essas s�o mentalidades arcaicas que precisam mudar e n�o t�m lugar no nosso esporte. Fui cercado por essas atitudes?? e alvo de minha vida toda. Houve muito tempo para aprender. Chegou a hora da a��o�, escreveu o piloto em?? mobiele blackjack outra publica��o, em mobiele blackjack ingl�s.
Mas essa n�o era a primeira vez que Hamilton se tornava alvo de provoca��o da?? fam�lia Piquet. Nelsinho Piquet, filho de Nelson e tamb�m ex-piloto, em mobiele blackjack outra oportunidade demonstrou que n�o � muito f�?? de Hamilton, assim como o pai.
Em dezembro de 2023, ele comemorou efusivamente o t�tulo mundial de Max Verstappen, quando o?? holand�s conseguiu ultrapassar o brit�nico na �ltima volta do GP de Abu Dhabi. Depois, apareceu vestindo uma camisa com a?? estampa �Patr�o � meuzovo�. Patr�o � como f�s e comentaristas apelidaram Lewis Hamilton.
Nelsinho competiu na F�rmula 1 entre 2008 e?? 2009. Em 2009, protagonizou esc�ndalo na categoria, ao confessar ter provocado um acidente para beneficiar o companheiro de equipe, Fernando?? Alonso. Como comprovou que a ordem partiu dos chefes da Renault e colaborou com as investiga��es, passou sem puni��o pelo?? caso.
Empres�rio tido como o mais poderoso do setor de transportes do Rio morreu na manh� desta quarta-feira, na Zona Sul
Presidente?? turco aumentou as cr�ticas contra Israel ante a destrui��o causada em mobiele blackjack Gaza com uma ofensiva ordenada pelo premier contra?? o movimento fundamentalista palestino Hamas
Artista diz que americana 'resolveu fazer a Irm� Dulce' no pa�s; ap�s repercuss�o negativa de post,?? baiana anuncia afastamento das redes
Luis Ant�nio da Silva Braga foi preso ap�s tratativas entre a defesa do criminoso e autoridades.?? Ele tinha 12 mandados de pris�o em mobiele blackjack aberto e estava foragido desde 2023.
ap�s demora de mais de um m�s?? para definir destino, senador enfrenta oito baixas em mobiele blackjack seu grupo, composto por 57 integrantes
Brincadeira foi postada nas redes sociais?? durante o "Ney em mobiele blackjack alto mar"
Ve�culo est� sendo periciado pela Delegacia de Homic�dios da Capital (DHC) e pelo Centro?? de Criminal�stica da Pol�cia Militar (CCrim). Pol�cia quer entender o que ocorreu
Piso nacional tamb�m ter� valoriza��o em mobiele blackjack 2025, c�lculo?? ter� como base PIB positivo deste ano
M�nimas chegaram a menos de 5�C em mobiele blackjack �reas de Santa Catarina e Rio?? Grande do Sul
cartas de verdade. Teste mobiele blackjack capacidade contra nosso dealers profissionais nesse jogo
cl�ssico de cassino, nervos e emo��o, e?? leve isso at� um outro n�vel com as nossas
op��es �nicas de ''aposta igual'' ou apostas paralelas.
O Cassino ao Vivo?? oferece uma
variedade de limites de apostas para o Blackjack ao Vivo. Cada me sa usa oito baralhos
A terceira posi��o foi definida pelo ranking de classifica��o de "coldline" por US$ 20 milh�es, enquanto a quarta posi��o foi?? definida pelo ranking de classifica��o de "Coldline" por US$ 13,6 milh�es.
A quarta e �ltima posi��o foi definida pela classifica��o de?? "D Moneypen" de US$ 13 milh�es e "Coldline" de melhor estreia em dinheiro:
US$ 12 milh�es e "Coldline" de melhor estreia?? em dinheiro: US$ 11 milh�es.
Uma pesquisa de 2013 pela "Allmusic" informou que o ranking de US$ 200 milh�es de "coldline"?? foi mal interpretado, e a publica��o concluiu que "coldline" tinha uma pontua��o m�dia de 43% em rela��o a "Hot 100".
A?? revista tamb�m avaliou a classifica��o de "Coldline" com a mobiele blackjack "BuzzFeat", de 16 anos de hist�ria, dizendo que ele foi?? bem interpretado, mas "se ele for" mais adequado a uma pesquisa para um "Coldline banking".
mobiele blackjack | * slot | 0 0 bet365 |
---|---|---|
0 5 gols apostas | 0 5 gols bet365 | 2024/1/20 5:45:59 |
{upx} | 0 na roleta | 0 roulette |
* bet com | * bet com | * bet com |
Gambling card game
Blackjack A blackjack example, consisting of an ace and a 10-valued
card Alternative names Twenty-One Type Comparing Players?? 2+, usually 2�7 Skills
Probability Cards 52 to 416 (one to eight 52-card decks) Deck French Play Clockwise
Chance High?? Related games Pontoon, twenty-one, Siebzehn und Vier, vingt-et-un
Blackjack
(formerly black jack and vingt-un) is a casino banking game.[1]: 342 It?? is the most
widely played casino banking game in the world. It uses decks of 52 cards and descends
from?? a global family of casino banking games known as "twenty-one". This family of card
games also includes the European games?? vingt-et-un and pontoon, and the Russian game
Ochko [ru].[2] Blackjack players do not compete against each other. The game is?? a
comparing card game where each player competes against the dealer.
History [ edit
]
Blackjack's immediate precursor was the English version?? of twenty-one called
vingt-un, a game of unknown (but likely Spanish) provenance. The first written
reference is found in a?? book by the Spanish author Miguel de Cervantes. Cervantes was a
gambler, and the protagonists of his "Rinconete y Cortadillo",?? from Novelas Ejemplares,
are card cheats in Seville. They are proficient at cheating at veintiuna (Spanish for
"twenty-one") and state?? that the object of the game is to reach 21 points without going
over and that the ace values 1?? or 11. The game is played with the Spanish baraja
deck.
"Rinconete y Cortadillo" was written between 1601 and 1602, implying?? that
ventiuna was played in Castile since the beginning of the 17th century or earlier.
Later references to this game?? are found in France and Spain.[3]
The first record of the
game in France occurs in 1888 and in Britain during?? the 1770s and 1780s, but the first
rules appeared in Britain in 1800 under the name of vingt-un.[6] Twenty-One, still
?? known then as vingt-un, appeared in the United States in the early 1800s. The first
American rules were an 1825?? reprint of the 1800 English rules. English vingt-un later
developed into an American variant in its own right which was?? renamed blackjack around
1899.
According to popular myth, when vingt-un ('twenty-one') was introduced into the
United States (in the early 1800s,?? during the First World War, or in the 1930s,
depending on the source), gambling houses offered bonus payouts to stimulate?? players'
interest. One such bonus was a ten-to-one payout if the player's hand consisted of the
ace of spades and?? a black jack (either the jack of clubs or the jack of spades). This
hand was called a "blackjack", and?? the name stuck even after the ten-to-one bonus was
withdrawn.
French card historian Thierry Depaulis debunks this story, showing that
prospectors?? during the Klondike Gold Rush (1896�99) gave the name blackjack to the game
of American vingt-un, the bonus being the?? usual ace and any 10-point card. Since
blackjack also refers to the mineral zincblende, which was often associated with gold
?? or silver deposits, he suggests that the mineral name was transferred by prospectors to
the top bonus hand. He could?? not find any historical evidence for a special bonus for
having the combination of an ace and a black jack.
In?? September 1956, Roger Baldwin,
Wilbert Cantey, Herbert Maisel, and James McDermott published a paper titled "The
Optimum Strategy in Blackjack"?? in the Journal of the American Statistical
Association,[9] the first mathematically sound optimal blackjack strategy. This paper
became the foundation?? of future efforts to beat blackjack. Ed Thorp used Baldwin's hand
calculations to verify the basic strategy and later published?? (in 1963) Beat the
Dealer.[10]
Rules of play at casinos [ edit ]
Blackjack example game Initial deal
Player action Dealer's hand?? revealed Bets settled
At a blackjack table, the dealer
faces five to nine playing positions from behind a semicircular table. Between?? one and
eight standard 52-card decks are shuffled together. To start each round, players place
bets in the "betting box"?? at each position. In jurisdictions allowing back betting, up
to three players can be at each position. The player whose?? bet is at the front of the
betting box controls the position, and the dealer consults the controlling player for
?? playing decisions; the other bettors "play behind". A player can usually control or bet
in as many boxes as desired?? at a single table, but an individual cannot play on more
than one table at a time or place multiple?? bets within a single box. In many U.S.
casinos, players are limited to playing one to three positions at a?? table.
The dealer
deals from their left ("first base") to their far right ("third base"). Each box gets
an initial hand?? of two cards visible to the people playing on it. The dealer's hand
gets its first card face-up and, in?? "hole card" games, immediately gets a second card
face-down (the hole card), which the dealer peeks at but only reveals?? when it makes the
dealer's hand a blackjack. Hole card games are sometimes played on tables with a small
mirror?? or electronic sensor used to peek securely at the hole card. In European
casinos, "no hole card" games are prevalent;?? the dealer's second card is not drawn
until the players have played their hands.
Dealers deal the cards from one or?? two
handheld decks, from a dealer's shoe or from a shuffling machine. Single cards are
dealt to each wagered-on position?? clockwise from the dealer's left, followed by a
single card to the dealer, followed by an additional card to each?? of the positions in
play. The players' initial cards may be dealt face-up or face-down (more common in
single-deck games).
The?? object of the game is to win money by creating card totals
higher than those of the dealer's hand but?? not exceeding 21, or by stopping at a total
in the hope that the dealer will bust. On their turn,?? players choose to "hit" (take a
card), "stand" (end their turn and stop without taking a card), "double" (double their
?? wager, take a single card, and finish), "split" (if the two cards have the same value,
separate them to make?? two hands), or "surrender" (give up a half-bet and retire from
the game).
Number cards count as their number, the jack,?? queen, and king ("face cards"
or "pictures") count as 10, and aces count as either 1 or 11 according to?? the player's
choice. If the total exceeds 21 points, it busts, and all bets on it immediately
lose.
After the boxes?? have finished playing, the dealer's hand is resolved by drawing
cards until the hand achieves a total of 17 or?? higher. If the dealer has a total of 17
including an ace valued as 11 (a "soft 17"), some games?? require the dealer to stand
while other games require another draw. The dealer never doubles, splits, or
surrenders. If the?? dealer busts, all remaining player hands win. If the dealer does not
bust, each remaining bet wins if its hand?? is higher than the dealer's and loses if it
is lower.
A player total of 21 on the first two cards?? is a "natural" or "blackjack",
and the player wins immediately unless the dealer also has one, in which case the?? hand
ties. In the case of a tie ("push" or "standoff"), bets are returned without
adjustment. A blackjack beats any?? hand that is not a blackjack, even one with a value
of 21.
Wins are paid out at even money, except?? for player blackjacks, which are
traditionally paid out at 3 to 2 odds. Many casinos today pay blackjacks at less?? than
3:2. This is common in single-deck blackjack games.[11]
Blackjack games usually offer a
side bet called insurance, which may be?? placed when the dealer's face-up card is an
ace. Additional side bets, such as "Dealer Match" which pays when the?? player's cards
match the dealer's up card, are also sometimes available.
Player decisions [ edit
]
After the initial two cards, the?? player has up to five options: "hit", "stand",
"double down", "split", or "surrender". Each option has a corresponding hand
signal.
Hit:?? Take another card.
Signal: Scrape cards against the table (in handheld
games); tap the table with a finger or wave a?? hand toward the body (in games dealt
face-up).
Stand: Take no more cards; also known as "stand pat", "sit", "stick", or
?? "stay".
Signal: Slide cards under chips (in handheld games); wave hand horizontally (in
games dealt face-up).
Double down: Increase the initial bet?? by 100% and take exactly
one more card. The additional bet is placed next to the original bet. Some games?? permit
the player to increase the bet by amounts smaller than 100%, which is known as "double
for less".[12] Non-controlling?? players may or may not double their wager, but they
still only take one card.
Signal: Place additional chips beside the?? original bet
outside the betting box and point with one finger.
Split: Create two hands from a
starting hand where both?? cards are the same value. Each new hand gets a second card
resulting in two starting hands. This requires an?? additional bet on the second hand.
The two hands are played out independently, and the wager on each hand is?? won or lost
independently. In the case of cards worth 10 points, some casinos only allow splitting
when the cards?? rank the same. For example, 10-10 could be split, but K-10 could not.
Doubling and re-splitting after splitting are often?? restricted. A 10-valued card and an
ace resulting from a split usually isn't considered a blackjack. Hitting split aces is
?? often not allowed. Non-controlling players can opt to put up a second bet or not. If
they do not, they?? only get paid or lose on one of the two post-split hands.
Signal:
Place additional chips next to the original bet?? outside the betting box and point with
two fingers spread into a V formation.
Surrender: Forfeit half the bet and end?? the hand
immediately. This option is only available at some tables in some casinos, and the
option is only available?? as the first decision.
Signal: Spoken; there are no standard
signals.
Hand signals help the "eye in the sky" make a video?? recording of the table,
which resolves disputes and identifies dealer mistakes. It is also used to protect the
casino against?? dealers who steal chips or players who cheat. Recordings can also
identify advantage players. When a player's hand signal disagrees?? with their words, the
hand signal takes precedence.
A hand can "hit" as often as desired until the total is
21?? or more. Players must stand on a total of 21. After a bust or a stand, play proceeds
to the?? next hand clockwise around the table. After the last hand is played, the dealer
reveals the hole card and stands?? or draws according to the game's rules. When the
outcome of the dealer's hand is established, any hands with bets?? remaining on the table
are resolved (usually in counterclockwise order); bets on losing hands are forfeited,
the bet on a?? push is left on the table, and winners are paid out.
Insurance [ edit ]
If
the dealer shows an ace, an?? "insurance" bet is allowed. Insurance is a side bet that
the dealer has a blackjack. The dealer asks for insurance?? bets before the first player
plays. Insurance bets of up to half the player's current bet are placed on the
?? "insurance bar" above the player's cards. If the dealer has a blackjack, insurance pays
2 to 1. In most casinos,?? the dealer looks at the down card and pays off or takes the
insurance bet immediately. In other casinos, the?? payoff waits until the end of the
play.
In face-down games, if a player has more than one hand, they can?? look at all
their hands before deciding. This is the only condition where a player can look at
multiple hands.
Players?? with blackjack can also take insurance.
Insurance bets lose
money in the long run. The dealer has a blackjack less than?? one-third of the time. In
some games, players can also take insurance when a 10-valued card shows, but the dealer
?? has an ace in the hole less than one-tenth of the time.
The insurance bet is
susceptible to advantage play. It?? is advantageous to make an insurance bet whenever the
hole card has more than a one in three chance of?? being a ten. Card counting techniques
can identify such situations.
Rule variations and effects on house edge [ edit ]
Note:
Where?? changes in the house edge due to changes in the rules are stated in percentage
terms, the difference is usually?? stated here in percentage points, not a percentage.
For example, if an edge of 10% is reduced to 9%, it?? is reduced by one percentage point,
not reduced by ten percent.
Doubling down. The third card is placed at right angles?? to
signify that the player cannot receive any more cards.
Blackjack rules are generally
set by regulations that establish permissible rule?? variations at the casino's
discretion.[13] Blackjack comes with a "house edge"; the casino's statistical advantage
is built into the game.?? Most of the house's edge comes from the fact that the player
loses when both the player and dealer bust.?? Blackjack players using basic strategy lose
on average less than 1% of their action over the long run, giving blackjack?? one of the
lowest edges in the casino. The house edge for games where blackjack pays 6 to 5
instead?? of 3 to 2 increases by about 1.4%, though. Player deviations from basic
strategy also increase the house edge.
Dealer hits?? soft 17
A "soft 17" in blackjack (an
ace and any combination of 6)
Each game has a rule about whether the?? dealer must hit or
stand on soft 17, which is generally printed on the table surface. The variation where
the?? dealer must hit soft 17 is abbreviated "H17" in blackjack literature, with "S17"
used for the stand-on-soft-17 variation. Substituting an?? "H17" rule with an "S17" rule
in a game benefits the player, decreasing the house edge by about 0.2%.
Number of
?? decks
All things being equal, using fewer decks decreases the house edge. This mainly
reflects an increased likelihood of player blackjack,?? since if the player draws a ten
on their first card, the subsequent probability of drawing an ace is higher?? with fewer
decks. It also reflects the decreased likelihood of a blackjack�blackjack push in a
game with fewer decks.
Casinos generally?? compensate by tightening other rules in games
with fewer decks, to preserve the house edge or discourage play altogether. When
?? offering single-deck blackjack games, casinos are more likely to disallow doubling on
soft hands or after splitting, restrict resplitting, require?? higher minimum bets, and
pay the player less than 3:2 for a winning blackjack.
The following table illustrates
the mathematical effect?? on the house edge of the number of decks, by considering games
with various deck counts under the following ruleset:?? double after split allowed,
resplit to four hands allowed, no hitting split aces, no surrendering, double on any
two cards,?? original bets only lost on dealer blackjack, dealer hits soft 17, and
cut-card used. The increase in house edge per?? unit increase in the number of decks is
most dramatic when comparing the single-deck game to the two-deck game, and?? becomes
progressively smaller as more decks are added.
Number of decks House advantage Single
deck 0.17% Double deck 0.46% Four decks?? 0.60% Six decks 0.64% Eight decks
0.66%
Late/early surrender
Surrender, for those games that allow it, is usually not
permitted against a?? dealer blackjack; if the dealer's first card is an ace or ten, the
hole card is checked to make sure?? there is no blackjack before surrender is offered.
This rule protocol is consequently known as "late" surrender. The alternative, "early"
?? surrender, gives the player the option to surrender before the dealer checks for
blackjack, or in a no hole card?? game. Early surrender is much more favorable to the
player than late surrender.
For late surrender, however, while it is tempting?? to opt
for surrender on any hand which will probably lose, the correct strategy is to only
surrender on the?? very worst hands, because having even a one-in-four chance of winning
the full bet is better than losing half the?? bet and pushing the other half, as entailed
by surrendering.
Resplitting
If the cards of a post-split hand have the same value,
?? most games allow the player to split again, or "resplit". The player places a further
wager, and the dealer separates?? the new pair dealing a further card to each as before.
Some games allow unlimited resplitting, while others may limit?? it to a certain number
of hands, such as four hands (for example, "resplit to 4").
Hit/resplit split
aces
After splitting aces,?? the common rule is that only one card will be dealt to each
ace; the player cannot split, double, or?? take another hit on either hand. Rule variants
include allowing resplitting aces or allowing the player to hit split aces.?? Games
allowing aces to be resplit are not uncommon, but those allowing the player to hit
split aces are extremely?? rare. Allowing the player to hit hands resulting from split
aces reduces the house edge by about 0.13%; allowing resplitting?? of aces reduces the
house edge by about 0.03%. Note that a ten-value card dealt on a split ace (or?? vice
versa) will not be counted as a blackjack but as a soft 21.
No double after split
After
a split, most?? games allow doubling down on the new two-card hands. Disallowing doubling
after a split increases the house edge by about?? 0.12%.
Double on 9/10/11 or 10/11
only
Under the "Reno rule", doubling down is only permitted on hard totals of 9, 10,?? or
11 (under a similar European rule, only 10 or 11). The basic strategy would otherwise
call for some doubling?? down with hard 9 and soft 13�18, and advanced players can
identify situations where doubling on soft 19�20 and hard?? 8, 7, and even 6 is
advantageous. The Reno rule prevents the player from taking advantage of double-down in
these?? situations and thereby increases the player's expected loss. The Reno rule
increases the house edge by around 0.1%, and its?? European version by around 0.2%.
No
hole card and OBO
In most non-U.S. casinos, a "no hole card" game is played, meaning
?? that the dealer does not draw nor consult their second card until after all players
have finished making decisions. With?? no hole card, it is rarely the correct basic
strategy to double or split against a dealer ten or ace,?? since a dealer blackjack will
result in the loss of the split and double bets; the only exception is with?? a pair of
aces against a dealer 10, where it is still correct to split. In all other cases, a
?? stand, hit, or surrender is called for. For instance, when holding 11 against a dealer
10, the correct strategy is?? to double in a hole card game (where the player knows the
dealer's second card is not an ace), but?? to hit in a no-hole card game. The
no-hole-card rule adds approximately 0.11% to the house edge.
The "original bets only"
?? rule variation appearing in certain no hole card games states that if the player's hand
loses to a dealer blackjack,?? only the mandatory initial bet ("original") is forfeited,
and all optional bets, meaning doubles and splits, are pushed. "Original bets?? only" is
also known by the acronym OBO; it has the same effect on basic strategy and the house
edge?? as reverting to a hole card game.[14]
Altered payout for a winning blackjack
In
many casinos, a blackjack pays only 6:5 or?? even 1:1 instead of the usual 3:2. This is
most common at tables with lower table minimums. Although this payoff?? was originally
limited to single-deck games, it has spread to double-deck and shoe games. Among common
rule variations in the?? U.S., these altered payouts for blackjack are the most damaging
to the player, causing the greatest increase in house edge.?? Since blackjack occurs in
approximately 4.8% of hands, the 1:1 game increases the house edge by 2.3%, while the
6:5?? game adds 1.4% to the house edge. Video blackjack machines generally pay a 1:1
payout for a blackjack.[11]
Dealer wins ties
The?? rule that bets on tied hands are lost
rather than pushed is catastrophic to the player. Though rarely used in?? standard
blackjack, it is sometimes seen in "blackjack-like" games, such as in some charity
casinos.
Blackjack strategy [ edit ]
Basic strategy?? [ edit ]
Each blackjack game has a
basic strategy, the optimal method of playing any hand. When using basic strategy,?? the
long-term house advantage (the expected loss of the player) is minimized.
An example of
a basic strategy is shown in?? the table below, which applies to a game with the
following specifications:[15]
Four to eight decks
The dealer hits on a soft?? 17
A double
is allowed after a split
Only original bets are lost on dealer blackjack
Player hand
Dealer's face-up card 2 3?? 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 A Hard totals (excluding pairs) 18�21 S S S S
S S S?? S S S 17 S S S S S S S S S Us 16 S S S S S?? H H Uh Uh Uh 15 S S S S S H H H Uh Uh
13�14 S S S?? S S H H H H H 12 H H S S S H H H H H 11 Dh?? Dh Dh Dh Dh Dh Dh Dh Dh Dh 10 Dh
Dh Dh Dh Dh Dh Dh Dh H H?? 9 H Dh Dh Dh Dh H H H H H 5�8 H H H H H H H H?? H H Soft totals
2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 A A,9 S S S S S?? S S S S S A,8 S S S S Ds S S S S S A,7 Ds Ds Ds?? Ds
Ds S S H H H A,6 H Dh Dh Dh Dh H H H H H A,4�A,5 H?? H Dh Dh Dh H H H H H A,2�A,3 H H H
Dh Dh H H H H H?? Pairs 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 A A, A SP SP SP SP SP SP SP?? SP SP SP 10,10 S S
S S S S S S S S 9,9 SP SP SP SP SP?? S SP SP S S 8,8 SP SP SP SP SP SP SP SP SP Usp 7,7
SP SP SP?? SP SP SP H H H H 6,6 SP SP SP SP SP H H H H H 5,5 Dh?? Dh Dh Dh Dh Dh Dh Dh H H
4,4 H H H SP SP H H H H H?? 2,2�3,3 SP SP SP SP SP SP H H H H
Key:
S = Stand H = Hit Dh =
Double (if?? not allowed, then hit) Ds = Double (if not allowed, then stand) SP = Split
Uh = Surrender (if not?? allowed, then hit) Us = Surrender (if not allowed, then stand)
Usp = Surrender (if not allowed, then split)
Most basic?? strategy decisions are the same
for all blackjack games. Rule variations call for changes in only a few situations. For
?? example, to use the table above on a game with the stand-on-soft-17 rule (which favors
the player, and is typically?? found only at higher-limit tables today) only 6 cells
would need to be changed: hit on 11 vs. A, hit?? on 15 vs. A, stand on 17 vs. A, stand on
A,7 vs. 2, stand on A,8 vs. 6, and?? split on 8,8 vs. A. Regardless of the specific rule
variations, taking insurance or "even money" is never the correct?? play under a basic
strategy.[15]
Estimates of the house edge for blackjack games quoted by casinos and
gaming regulators are based?? on the assumption that the players follow basic
strategy.
Most blackjack games have a house edge of between 0.5% and 1%,?? placing
blackjack among the cheapest casino table games for the player. Casino promotions such
as complimentary matchplay vouchers or 2:1?? blackjack payouts allow players to acquire
an advantage without deviating from basic strategy.[16]
Composition-dependent strategy
[ edit ]
The basic strategy is?? based on a player's point total and the dealer's visible
card. Players can sometimes improve on this decision by considering?? the composition of
their hand, not just the point total. For example, players should ordinarily stand when
holding 12 against?? a dealer 4. But in a single deck game, players should hit if their
12 consists of a 10 and?? a 2. The presence of a 10 in the player's hand has two
consequences:[17]
It makes the player's 12 a worse?? hand to stand on (since the only way
to avoid losing is for the dealer to go bust, which is?? less likely if there are fewer
10s left in the shoe).
It makes hitting safer, since the only way of going?? bust is to
draw a 10, and this is less likely with a 10 already in the hand.
Even when basic?? and
composition-dependent strategies lead to different actions, the difference in expected
reward is small, and it becomes smaller with more?? decks. Using a composition-dependent
strategy rather than a basic strategy in a single-deck game reduces the house edge by 4
?? in 10,000, which falls to 3 in 100,000 for a six-deck game.[18]
Advantage play [ edit
]
Blackjack has been a high-profile?? target for advantage players since the 1960s.
Advantage play attempts to win more using skills such as memory, computation, and
?? observation. While these techniques are legal, they can give players a mathematical
edge in the game, making advantage players unwanted?? customers for casinos. Advantage
play can lead to ejection or blacklisting. Some advantageous play techniques in
blackjack include:
Card counting [?? edit ]
During the course of a blackjack shoe, the
dealer exposes the dealt cards. Players can infer from their accounting?? of the exposed
cards which cards remain. These inferences can be used in the following ways:
Players
can make larger bets?? when they have an advantage. For example, the players can increase
the starting bet if many aces and tens are?? left in the deck, in the hope of hitting a
blackjack.
Players can deviate from basic strategy according to the composition?? of
their undealt cards. For example, with many tens left in the deck, players might double
down in more situations?? since there is a better chance of getting a good hand.
A card
counting system assigns a point score to each?? card rank (e.g., 1 point for 2�6, 0
points for 7�9, and -1 point for 10�A). When a card is?? exposed, a counter adds the
score of that card to a running total, the 'count'. A card counter uses this?? count to
make betting and playing decisions. The count starts at 0 for a freshly shuffled deck
for "balanced" counting?? systems. Unbalanced counts are often started at a value that
depends on the number of decks used in the game.
Blackjack's?? house edge is usually
around 0.5�1% when players use basic strategy.[19] Card counting can give the player an
edge of?? up to about 2%.[20]: 5
Card counting works best when a few cards remain. This
makes single-deck games better for counters.?? As a result, casinos are more likely to
insist that players do not reveal their cards to one another in?? single-deck games. In
games with more decks, casinos limit penetration by ending the shoe and reshuffling
when one or more?? decks remain undealt. Casinos also sometimes use a shuffling machine
to reintroduce the cards whenever a deck has been played.
Card?? counting is legal unless
the counter is using an external device,[20]: 6�7 but a casino might inform counters
that they?? are no longer welcome to play blackjack. Sometimes a casino might ban a card
counter from the property.[21]
The use of?? external devices to help count cards is
illegal throughout the United States.[22]
Shuffle tracking [ edit ]
Another advantage
play technique, mainly?? applicable in multi-deck games, involves tracking groups of
cards (also known as slugs, clumps, or packs) through the shuffle and?? then playing and
betting according to when those cards come into play from a new shoe. Shuffle tracking
requires excellent?? eyesight and powers of visual estimation but is harder to detect;
shuffle trackers' actions are largely unrelated to the composition?? of the cards in the
shoe.[23]
Arnold Snyder's articles in Blackjack Forum magazine brought shuffle tracking
to the general public. His?? book, The Shuffle Tracker's Cookbook, mathematically
analyzed the player edge available from shuffle tracking based on the actual size of
?? the tracked slug. Jerry L. Patterson also developed and published a shuffle-tracking
method for tracking favorable clumps of cards and?? cutting them into play and tracking
unfavorable clumps of cards and cutting them out of play.[24][25][26]
Identifying
concealed cards [ edit?? ]
The player can also gain an advantage by identifying cards
from distinctive wear markings on their backs, or by hole?? carding (observing during the
dealing process the front of a card dealt face-down). These methods are generally legal
although their?? status in particular jurisdictions may vary.[27]
Side bets [ edit ]
Many
blackjack tables offer side bets on various outcomes including:[28]
Player hand?? and
dealer's up card total 19, 20, or 21 ("Lucky Lucky")
Player initial hand is a pair
("Perfect pairs")
Player initial hand?? is suited, and connected, or a suited K-Q ("Royal
match")
Player initial hand plus dealer's card makes a flush, straight, or
?? three-of-a-kind poker hand ("21+3")
Player initial hand totals 20 ("Lucky
Ladies")
Dealer upcard is in between the value of the player's two?? cards ("In
Bet")
First card drawn to the dealer will result in a dealer bust ("Bust It!")
One or
both of the?? player's cards is the same as the dealer's card ("Match the Dealer")
The
side wager is typically placed in a designated?? area next to the box for the main wager.
A player wishing to wager on a side bet usually must?? place a wager on blackjack. Some
games require that the blackjack wager should equal or exceed any side bet wager.?? A
non-controlling player of a blackjack hand is usually permitted to place a side bet
regardless of whether the controlling?? player does so.
The house edge for side bets is
generally higher than for the blackjack game itself. Nonetheless, side bets?? can be
susceptible to card counting. A side count designed specifically for a particular side
bet can improve the player's?? edge. Only a few side bets, like "Insurance" and "Lucky
Ladies", correlate well with the high-low counting system and offer?? a sufficient win
rate to justify the effort of advantage play.
In team play, it is common for team
members to?? be dedicated to only counting a side bet using a specialized count.
Video
blackjack [ edit ]
A video blackjack machine at?? Seven Feathers Casino.
Some casinos, as
well as general betting outlets, provide blackjack among a selection of casino-style
games at electronic?? consoles. Video blackjack game rules are generally more favorable
to the house; e.g., paying out only even money for winning?? blackjacks. Video and online
blackjack games generally deal each round from a fresh shoe (i.e., use an RNG for each
?? deal), rendering card counting ineffective in most situations.[29]
Variants and related
games [ edit ]
Blackjack is a member of the family?? of traditional card games played
recreationally worldwide. Most of these games have not been adapted for casino play.
Furthermore, the?? casino game development industry actively produces blackjack variants,
most of which are ultimately not adopted by casinos. The following are?? the most
prominent and established variants in casinos.
Spanish 21 provides players with liberal
rules, such as doubling down any number?? of cards (with the option to "rescue", or
surrender only one wager to the house), payout bonuses for five or?? more card 21s, 6�7�8
21s, 7�7�7 21s, late surrender, and player blackjacks and player 21s always winning.
The trade-off is?? having no 10s in the deck, although the jacks, queens, and kings are
still there. An unlicensed version of Spanish?? 21 played without a hole card is found in
Australian casinos under the name "pontoon".
provides players with liberal rules, such
?? as doubling down any number of cards (with the option to "rescue", or surrender only
one wager to the house),?? payout bonuses for five or more card 21s, 6�7�8 21s, 7�7�7
21s, late surrender, and player blackjacks and player 21s?? always winning. The trade-off
is having no 10s in the deck, although the jacks, queens, and kings are still there.?? An
unlicensed version of Spanish 21 played without a hole card is found in Australian
casinos under the name "pontoon".?? 21st-century blackjack (or Vegas-style blackjack ) is
found in California card rooms. In variations, a player bust does not always?? result in
an automatic loss; depending on the casino, the player can still push if the dealer
also busts. The?? dealer has to bust with a higher total, though.
(or ) is found in
California card rooms. In variations, a player?? bust does not always result in an
automatic loss; depending on the casino, the player can still push if the?? dealer also
busts. The dealer has to bust with a higher total, though. Double exposure blackjack
deals the first two?? cards of the dealer's hand face up. Blackjacks pay even money, and
players lose on ties. Also, players can neither?? buy insurance nor surrender.
deals the
first two cards of the dealer's hand face up. Blackjacks pay even money, and players
?? lose on ties. Also, players can neither buy insurance nor surrender. Double attack
blackjack has liberal blackjack rules and the?? option of increasing one's wager after
seeing the dealer's up card. This game is dealt from a Spanish shoe, and?? blackjacks
only pay even money.
has liberal blackjack rules and the option of increasing one's
wager after seeing the dealer's up?? card. This game is dealt from a Spanish shoe, and
blackjacks only pay even money. Blackjack switch is played over?? two hands, and the
second card can be switched between hands. For example, if the player is dealt 10�6 and
?? 5�10, then the player can switch two cards to make hands of 10�10 and 6�5. Natural
blackjacks are paid 1:1?? instead of the standard 3:2, and a dealer 22 is a push.
is
played over two hands, and the second card?? can be switched between hands. For example,
if the player is dealt 10�6 and 5�10, then the player can switch?? two cards to make
hands of 10�10 and 6�5. Natural blackjacks are paid 1:1 instead of the standard 3:2,
and?? a dealer 22 is a push. Super fun 21 allows a player to split a hand up to four
times.?? If the player has six cards totaling 20, they automatically win. Wins are paid
1:1.
Examples of local traditional and recreational?? related games include French
vingt-et-un ('twenty-one') and German Siebzehn und Vier ('seventeen and four'). Neither
game allows splitting. An ace?? counts only eleven, but two aces count as a blackjack. It
is mostly played in private circles and barracks. The?? popular British member of the
vingt-un family is called "pontoon", the name being probably a corruption of
vingt-et-un.
Blackjack Hall of?? Fame [ edit ]
In 2002, professional gamblers worldwide
were invited to nominate great blackjack players for admission into the Blackjack?? Hall
of Fame. Seven members were inducted in 2002, with new people inducted every year
after. The Hall of Fame?? is at the Barona Casino in San Diego. Members include Edward O.
Thorp, author of the 1960s book Beat the?? Dealer; Ken Uston, who popularized the concept
of team play; Arnold Snyder, author and editor of the Blackjack Forum trade?? journal;
and Stanford Wong, author and popularizer of "Wonging".
References [ edit ]
Further
reading [ edit ]
General literature [ edit ]
Depaulis,?? Thierry (April�June 2010).
"Dawson's Game: Blackjack and the Klondike". In Endebrock, Peter (ed.). The
Playing-Card . Journal of the International?? Playing-Card Society. Vol. 38 (4). The
International Playing-Card Society. ISSN 0305-2133.
Hoyle's Games Improved . New York:
G. Long. 1825.
Jones, Charles?? (1800). Hoyle's Games Improved (New, considerably
enlarged, revised and corrected ed.). London: Ritchie.
Parlett, David (1990). A History
of Card Games,?? OUP, Oxford. ISBN 0-19-282905-X
Blackjack literature [ edit
]
Mathematics of blackjack [ edit ]
Os eventos anuais que ocorrem no Brasil ocorrem a cada ano, geralmente no m�s no qual o evento � realizado.
Atualmente,?? a cada ano os grandes campeonatos mundiais de Poker Online Go, organizado pela Copa Ouro de Poker, s�o realizados em?? Portugal e na Alemanha.
O evento mais importante para um jogador internacional � jogar World Poker, um "sistema competitivo", desenvolvido pela?? BioTex, uma empresa que tamb�m mant�m um site oficial, que permite aos jogadores de outros pa�ses que desejam se inscrever?? e participar de torneios online em parceria com eles.
Poker Online Go foi produzido tanto na Europa quanto no Brasil.
Os eventos?? anuais na Europa se dividem em duas partes, a primeira metade (para os jogadores em cada pa�s) e a segunda?? metade (para os europeus).
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